Title 33. INSURANCE  

CROSS REFERENCES. --Specific limitations on corporations, Ga. Const. 1983, Art. III, Sec. VI, Para. V and T. 14, C. 4. Insurance regulation generally, Ga. Const. 1983, Art. III, Sec. VIII. Requirement that banks obtain and maintain deposit insurance, § 7-1-244. Credit Union Deposit Insurance Corporation, T. 7, C 2. Secretary of State, corporations, generally, T. 14, C. 4. Purchase of liability insurance for school officials and employees, § 20-2-990 et seq. Joint purchase of insurance and joint formation of self-insurance programs by boards of education, § 20-2-2001 et seq. Nuclear facility liability insurance for schools under control of board of regents, § 20-3-71. Liability insurance requirements for persons importing, transporting, or otherwise handling inherently dangerous wild animals, § 27-5-4. Joint purchase of insurance and joint formation of self-insurance programs by municipalities and counties, T. 36, C. 85. Public liability insurance requirements for operators of motor vehicle racetracks, § 43-25-4. Purchase of liability insurance for public officers and employees generally, § 45-9-1 et seq. State employees' insurance and benefit plans, T. 45, C. 18.
 
EDITOR'S NOTES. --Former Code 1933, § 56-115, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, § 1, provided that the Georgia Insurance Code would become effective on January 1, 1961, except as otherwise expressly provided.
 
LAW REVIEWS. --For article, "No-Fault Insurance for Injuries Arising from Medical Treatment: A Proposal for Elective Coverage," see 24 Emory L.J. 21 (1975). For article discussing developments in Georgia insurance law in 1976 to 1977, see 29 Mercer L. Rev. 157 (1977). For article surveying Georgia cases in the area of insurance from June 1977 through May 1978, see 30 Mercer L. Rev. 105 (1978). For annual survey on insurance, see 36 Mercer L. Rev. 217 (1984). For article surveying insurance law in 1984-1985, see 37 Mercer L. Rev. 275 (1985). For annual survey of insurance law, see 39 Mercer L. Rev. 241 (1987). For annual survey of insurance law, see 42 Mercer L. Rev. 259 (1990). For annual survey of insurance law, see 43 Mercer L. Rev. 285 (1991). For annual survey article on insurance law, see 45 Mercer Law Rev. 253 (1993). For annual survey article on insurance law, see 46 Mercer L. Rev. 261 (1994). For annual survey article on insurance law, see 49 Mercer L. Rev. 175 (1997). For annual survey article discussing developments in insurance law, see 51 Mercer L. Rev. 313 (1999). For annual survey article on insurance law, see 52 Mercer L. Rev. 303 (2000).
   For note discussing the relationship of federal and state regulation of insurance, in light of In the Matter of American Hospital and Life Insurance Co., C.C.H. Trade Reg. Rep. Para.25,954 (FTC, April 24, 1956), see 5 J. of Pub. L. 494 (1956). For note, "The Parity Cure: Solving Unequal Treatment of Mental Illness Health Insurance Through Federal Legislation," see 44 Ga. L. Rev. 511 (2010). For note, "When an Idea is More Than Just an Idea: Insurance Coverage of Business Method Patent Infringement Suits Under Advertising Injury Provisions of Commercial General Liability Policies," see 18 J. Intell. Prop. L. 631 (2011).
 
JUDICIAL DECISIONS
 
IN 1960 THE INSURANCE CODE BECAME, BY LAW, A PART OF EVERY POLICY THEREAFTER ISSUED in the state. Chicago Ins. Co. v. Camors, 296 F. Supp. 1335 (N.D. Ga. 1969), aff'd, 420 F.2d 376 (5th Cir. 1970).
 
TITLE NOT RETROACTIVE. --Insurance Code, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, was not intended to and could not have had any retroactive effect. Chatham County Hosp. Auth. v. John Hancock Mut. Life Ins. Co., 325 F. Supp. 614 (S.D. Ga. 1971).
 
ALL ASPECTS OF INSURANCE INDUSTRY REGULATED. --Insurance Code extensively and exhaustively regulates, at the state level, all aspects of the insurance industry in Georgia. Cotton States Mut. Ins. Co. v. DeKalb County, 251 Ga. 309, 304 S.E.2d 386 (1983).
 
SCOPE OF COMMISSIONER'S INVESTIGATIVE POWERS. --Investigative powers of the Insurance Commissioner under the Insurance Code are not restricted only to those instances in which a hearing is pending. Southeastern Adjusters, Inc. v. Caldwell, 229 Ga. 4, 189 S.E.2d 76 (1972).
 
CITED in Scott v. State Grand Lodge No. 1, 110 Ga. App. 762, 140 S.E.2d 86 (1964); Miller v. National Fid. Life Ins. Co., 588 F.2d 185 (5th Cir. 1979).
 
OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
 
EMPLOYEE OF AN INDUSTRIAL LOAN LICENSEE MAY CONDUCT THE BUSINESS OF INSURANCE provided that that person is duly licensed as an insurance agent and provided that the customer is not misled into thinking that the customer's ability to procure a loan is contingent upon an agreement to purchase this insurance or otherwise to transact business in the industrial loan office. 1984 Op. Att'y Gen. No. U84-54.
 
RESEARCH REFERENCES
 
AM. JUR. 2D. --43 Am. Jur. 2d, Insurance, § 17 et seq.
 
ALR. --Misrepresentation by one other than insurance agent as to coverage, exclusion, or legal effect of insurance policy, as actionable, 29 ALR2d 213.
   Liability insurer's waiver of right, or estoppel, to set up breach of cooperation clause, 30 ALR4th 620.
   Acts in self-defense as within provision of liability insurance policy expressly excluding coverage for damage or injury intended or expected by insured, 34 ALR4th 761.
   Liability of insurer or agent of insurer for failure to advise insured as to coverage needs, 88 ALR4th 249.
   Validity and operation of "step-down" provision of automobile liability policy reducing coverage for permissive users, 29 ALR5th 469.
   Construction and application of preemption exemption, under Employee Retirement Income Security Act (29 USC § 1001 et seq.), for state laws regulating insurance, banking, or securities (29 USC § 1144(b)(2)), 87 ALR Fed. 797.
   Exemption or immunity from federal antitrust liability under McCarran-Ferguson Act (15 USCS §§ 1011-1013) and state action and Noerr-Pennington Doctrines for business of insurance and persons engaged in it, 116 ALR Fed. 163.