Chapter 2. BUSINESS CORPORATIONS  


Article 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 2. INCORPORATION
Article 3. PURPOSES AND POWERS
Article 4. NAME
Article 5. OFFICE AND AGENT
Article 6. SHARES AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Article 7. SHAREHOLDERS
Article 8. DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
Article 9. CLOSE CORPORATIONS
Article 10. AMENDMENT OF ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS
Article 11. MERGER AND SHARE EXCHANGE
Article 12. SALE OF ASSETS
Article 13. DISSENTERS' RIGHTS
Article 14. DISSOLUTION
Article 15. FOREIGN CORPORATIONS
Article 16. RECORDS AND REPORTS
Article 17. TRANSITION PROVISIONS

REFS & ANNOS

TITLE 14 Chapter 2 NOTE

EDITOR'S NOTES. --Ga. L. 1988, p. 1070, § 1, effective July 1, 1989, repealed the Code sections formerly codified as this chapter and enacted the current chapter. The former chapter consisted of Code Sections 14-2-1 through 14-2-7 (Article 1), 14-2-20 through 14-2-23 (Article 2), 14-2-40 through 14-2-43 (Article 3), 14-2-60 through 14-2-63 (Article 4), 14-2-80 through 14-2-98 (Article 5), 14-2-110 through 14-2-123 (Article 6), 14-2-140 through 14-2-156 (Article 7), 14-2-170 through 14-2-177 (Article 8), 14-2-190 through 14-2-196 (Article 9), 14-2-210 through 14-2-218 (Article 10), 14-2-230 through 14-2-231 (Article 11), 14-2-250 through 14-2-251 (Article 12), 14-2-270 through 14-2-295 (Article 13), 14-2-310 through 14-2-331 (Article 14), 14-2-350 through 14-2-351 (Article 15), 14-2-370 through 14-2-373 (Article 16), 14-2-390 through 14-2-393 (Article 17), and 14-2-410 through 14-2-411 (Article 18), and was based on Ga. L. 1968, p. 565; Ga. L. 1969, p. 152; Ga. L. 1970, p. 195; Ga. L. 1970, p. 243; Ga. L. 1970, p. 605; Ga. L. 1972, p. 433; Ga. L. 1973, p. 833; Ga. L. 1975, p. 778; Ga. L. 1976, p. 1102; Ga. L. 1976, p. 1576; Ga. L. 1977, p. 324; Ga. L. 1977, p. 649; Ga. L. 1977, p. 1098; Ga. L. 1979, p. 435; Ga. L. 1980, p. 603; Ga. L. 1980, p. 623; Ga. L. 1980, p. 715; Ga. L. 1980, p. 1188; Ga. L. 1981, Ex. Sess., p. 8 (Code enactment Act) and Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, Ga. L. 1982, p. 156, Ga. L. 1982, p. 694, Ga. L. 1982, p. 886, Ga. L. 1983, p. 3, Ga. L. 1983, p. 1299, Ga. L. 1983, p. 1479, Ga. L. 1984, p. 22, Ga. L. 1984, p. 514, Ga. L. 1984, p. 1319, Ga. L. 1985, p. 527, Ga. L. 1985, p. 1281, Ga. L. 1985, p. 1302, Ga. L. 1986, p. 10, Ga. L. 1986, p. 1454, Ga. L. 1987, p. 537, Ga. L. 1987, p. 849, Ga. L. 1987, p. 1448.
 
 
 
Table of Comparable Provisions for Chapter 2 of Title 14
   This table lists each Code section in the former Business Corporation Code, Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, as amended, and comparable provisions of the new Business Corporation Code, Ga. L. 1988, p. 1070. It is intended to assist the user, who is familiar with the former chapter, to find comparable new provisions. Table entries do not indicate that the former provision was reenacted without change in the new chapter, only that the comparable new provision pertains to the same subject. Absence of a comparable new provision in the table may mean only that there was no new provision similar enough for inclusion in this table, not that the subject is no longer covered.
 
OLD                                            NEW                            
---                                            ---                            
14-2-1                                    14-2-101                            
14-2-2                          14-2-140, 14-2-723                            
14-2-3                                   14-2-1701                            
14-2-4                         14-2-120, 14-2-1408                            
14-2-5                         14-2-120, 14-2-123,                            
                                14-2-124, 14-2-125                            
14-2-6                          14-2-127, 14-2-128                            
14-2-7                                    14-2-102                            
14-2-20                                   14-2-301                            
14-2-21                                   14-2-302                            
14-2-22                                   14-2-304                            
14-2-23                                   14-2-204                            
14-2-40                                   14-2-401                            
14-2-41                                   14-2-402                            
14-2-42                                   14-2-403                            
14-2-43                                   14-2-403                            
14-2-60                                   14-2-501                            
14-2-61                         14-2-502, 14-2-503                            
14-2-62                                   14-2-504                            
14-2-63                                   14-2-510                            
14-2-80                                   14-2-601                            
14-2-81                                   14-2-602                            
14-2-82                                         --                            
14-2-83                                   14-2-620                            
14-2-84                         14-2-621, 14-2-623                            
14-2-85                         14-2-621, 14-2-628                            
14-2-86                                   14-2-624                            
14-2-87                        14-2-150, 14-2-625,                            
                                          14-2-626                            
14-2-88                                   14-2-604                            
14-2-89                                         --                            
14-2-90                         14-2-623, 14-2-640                            
14-2-91                                   14-2-640                            
14-2-92                         14-2-631, 14-2-640                            
14-2-93                                         --                            
14-2-94                                   14-2-631                            
14-2-95                                         --                            
14-2-96                                         --                            
14-2-97                                         --                            
14-2-98                                   14-2-641                            
14-2-110                                  14-2-622                            
14-2-111                                  14-2-630                            
14-2-112                       14-2-701, 14-2-702,                            
                                14-2-703, 14-2-704                            
14-2-113                       14-2-141, 14-2-705,                            
                                14-2-706, 14-2-823                            
14-2-114                        14-2-705, 14-2-707                            
14-2-115                        14-2-720, 14-2-724                            
14-2-116                       14-2-725, 14-2-727,                            
                                         14-2-1021                            
14-2-117                       14-2-721, 14-2-724,                            
                                          14-2-728                            
14-2-118                       14-2-727, 14-2-1021                            
14-2-119                       14-2-722, 14-2-724,                            
                                          14-2-728                            
14-2-120                        14-2-731, 14-2-920                            
14-2-121                                  14-2-730                            
14-2-122                     14-2-1601, 14-2-1602,                            
                              14-2-1604, 14-2-1620                            
14-2-123                       14-2-740, 14-2-741,                            
                      14-2-742, 14-2-745, 14-2-746                            
14-2-140                       14-2-801, 14-2-802,                            
                                          14-2-811                            
14-2-141                       14-2-803, 14-2-804,                            
                                          14-2-805                            
14-2-142                                  14-2-940                            
14-2-143                                  14-2-806                            
14-2-144                       14-2-805, 14-2-807,                            
                                          14-2-810                            
14-2-145                                  14-2-808                            
14-2-146                       14-2-820, 14-2-824,                            
                                         14-2-1022                            
14-2-147                                  14-2-825                            
14-2-148                       14-2-820, 14-2-822,                            
                                          14-2-823                            
14-2-149                                  14-2-821                            
14-2-150                                  14-2-840                            
14-2-151                                  14-2-844                            
14-2-152                                  14-2-842                            
14-2-152.1                                14-2-842                            
14-2-153                                  14-2-831                            
14-2-154                        14-2-640, 14-2-824                            
14-2-155                       14-2-861, 14-2-862,                            
                                          14-2-863                            
14-2-156                       14-2-851, 14-2-852,                            
                               14-2-855, 14-2-856,                            
                               14-2-858, 14-2-859,                            
                                         14-2-1621                            
14-2-170                                  14-2-201                            
14-2-171                        14-2-202, 14-2-203                            
14-2-172                                14-2-201.1                            
14-2-173                                  14-2-203                            
14-2-174                                        --                            
14-2-175                                  14-2-205                            
14-2-176                       14-2-206, 14-2-1022                            
14-2-177                        14-2-207, 14-2-303                            
14-2-190                                 14-2-1001                            
14-2-191                     14-2-1002, 14-2-1003,                            
                                         14-2-1005                            
14-2-192                                 14-2-1004                            
14-2-193                                 14-2-1006                            
14-2-194                    14-2-1006, 14-2-1006.1                            
14-2-195                                 14-2-1009                            
14-2-196                                 14-2-1007                            
14-2-197                                 14-2-1008                            
14-2-210                                 14-2-1101                            
14-2-211                                 14-2-1101                            
14-2-212                                 14-2-1103                            
14-2-213                    14-2-1105, 14-2-1105.1                            
14-2-214                                 14-2-1104                            
14-2-215                                 14-2-1108                            
14-2-216                      14-2-1105, 14-2-1106                            
14-2-217                                 14-2-1107                            
14-2-218                                 14-2-1109                            
14-2-230                                 14-2-1201                            
14-2-231                                 14-2-1202                            
14-2-232                                 14-2-1110                            
14-2-233                                 14-2-1111                            
14-2-234                                 14-2-1112                            
14-2-235                                 14-2-1113                            
14-2-236                                 14-2-1131                            
14-2-237                                 14-2-1132                            
14-2-238                                 14-2-1133                            
14-2-250                      14-2-1302, 14-2-1303                            
14-2-251                     14-2-1301, 14-2-1320,                            
                             14-2-1321, 14-2-1322,                            
                             14-2-1323, 14-2-1325,                            
                             14-2-1326, 14-2-1327,                            
                              14-2-1330, 14-2-1331                            
14-2-270                                 14-2-1401                            
14-2-271                                        --                            
14-2-272                                 14-2-1402                            
14-2-273                      14-2-1402, 14-2-1403                            
14-2-274                                 14-2-1403                            
14-2-275                                 14-2-1405                            
14-2-276                   14-2-1403.1, 14-2-1405,                            
                                         14-2-1406                            
14-2-277                                 14-2-1404                            
14-2-278                                 14-2-1404                            
14-2-279                                 14-2-1404                            
14-2-280                                 14-2-1404                            
14-2-281                                 14-2-1408                            
14-2-282                                 14-2-1408                            
14-2-283                     14-2-1420, 14-2-1421,                            
                                         14-2-1422                            
14-2-284                      14-2-1430, 14-2-1431                            
14-2-285                      14-2-940, 14-2-1430,                            
                                         14-2-1431                            
14-2-286                                 14-2-1432                            
14-2-287                                 14-2-1432                            
14-2-288                                 14-2-1406                            
14-2-289                                 14-2-1432                            
14-2-290                                 14-2-1433                            
14-2-291                                 14-2-1433                            
14-2-292                     14-2-1406, 14-2-1408,                            
                                         14-2-1440                            
14-2-293                     14-2-1405, 14-2-1406,                            
                              14-2-1407, 14-2-1408                            
14-2-294                                 14-2-1409                            
14-2-295                                 14-2-1409                            
14-2-310                                 14-2-1501                            
14-2-311                                 14-2-1505                            
14-2-312                                 14-2-1506                            
14-2-313                                 14-2-1504                            
14-2-314                                 14-2-1503                            
14-2-315                                 14-2-1503                            
14-2-316                                 14-2-1505                            
14-2-317                                 14-2-1507                            
14-2-318                      14-2-1508, 14-2-1509                            
14-2-319                      14-2-1510, 14-2-1520                            
14-2-320                                 14-2-1504                            
14-2-321                                 14-2-1504                            
14-2-322                                 14-2-1504                            
14-2-323                                 14-2-1520                            
14-2-324                                 14-2-1520                            
14-2-325                                 14-2-1530                            
14-2-326                      14-2-1530, 14-2-1531                            
14-2-327                                 14-2-1531                            
14-2-328                                 14-2-1531                            
14-2-329                                 14-2-1702                            
14-2-330                                 14-2-1540                            
14-2-331                                 14-2-1502                            
14-2-350                                 14-2-1622                            
14-2-351                                 14-2-1622                            
14-2-370                                  14-2-122                            
14-2-371                                  14-2-122                            
14-2-372                                  14-2-122                            
14-2-373                                        --                            
14-2-390                        14-2-121, 14-2-130                            
14-2-391                                        --                            
14-2-392                                        --                            
14-2-393                       14-2-126, 14-2-1532                            
14-2-394                                        --                            
14-2-410                                        --                            
14-2-411                                  14-2-129                            
14-5-2                                    14-2-301                            
 
LAW REVIEWS. --For article discussing liability of corporate directors, officers, and shareholders under the Georgia Business Corporation Code, as affected by provisions of the Georgia Civil Practice Act, see 7 Ga. St. B.J. 277 (1971). For annual survey on business associations, see 35 Mercer L. Rev. 37 (1983). For annual survey on business associations, see 36 Mercer L. Rev. 91 (1984). For article, "Maintaining the Corporation as a Separate Entity," see 23 Ga. St. B.J. 36 (1986). For annual survey of law of business associations, see 38 Mercer L. Rev. 57 (1986). For annual survey of cases concerning business associations, see 39 Mercer L. Rev. 53 (1987). For article, "Changes in Corporate Practice under Georgia's New Business Corporation Code," see 40 Mercer L. Rev. 655 (1989). For article, "Georgia's New Business Corporation Code," see 24 Ga. St. B.J. 158 (1988). For annual survey of law of business associations, see 40 Mercer L. Rev. 61 (1988). For survey article on business associations, see 42 Mercer L. Rev. 71 (1990). For article, "Some Distinctive Features of the Georgia Business Corporation Code," 28 Ga. St. B.J. 101 (1991). For article, "The Development of the Shareholder's Direct Action Damage Remedy," see 28 Ga. St. B.J. 195 (1992). For annual survey of law of business associations, see 43 Mercer L. Rev. 85 (1991). For annual survey article on business associations, see 45 Mercer L. Rev. 53 (1993). For article discussing developments in law of business associations from June 1, 1996 through May 31, 1997, see 49 Mercer L. Rev. 71 (1997). For annual survey article on business associations, see 50 Mercer L. Rev. 171 (1998). For survey article discussing developments in law of business associations for the period from June 1, 1998 through May 31, 1999, see 51 Mercer L. Rev. 127 (1999). For survey article discussing developments in law of business associations for the period from June 1, 1999 through May 31, 2000, see 52 Mercer L. Rev. 95 (2000). For survey article on cases in the areas of corporate, securities, partnership, and banking law for the period from June 1, 2002 through May 31, 2003, see 55 Mercer L. Rev. 55 (2003). For article, "2006 Amendments to Georgia's Corporate Code and Alternative Entity Statutes," see 12 Ga. St. B.J. 12 (2007).
   For note on 1993 amendment of this chapter, see 10 Ga. St. U.L. Rev. 74 (1993). For note on 1999 amendments to sections in this chapter, see 16 Ga. St. U.L. Rev. 27 (1999).
   For comment, "An Empirical Study of Defective Incorporation," see 39 Emory L.J. 523 (1990).
 
COMMENT
 
CODE REVISION COMMISSION NOTE ON COMMENTS
   The comments appearing in this chapter have been prepared under the supervision of the Georgia Corporation Code Revision Committee of the Corporate and Banking Law Section of the State Bar of Georgia and are included in the Official Code of Georgia Annotated at the request of the committee. Neither the General Assembly of Georgia nor the Code Revision Commission of the State of Georgia has participated in the drafting of these comments or has reviewed the comments for their content. The comments should not be considered to constitute a statement of legislative intention by the General Assembly of Georgia nor do they have the force of statutory law.
 
 
   
 
COMMENT
 
 
NOTE AS TO DRAFTING COMMITTEE
 
 
   
   The Georgia Business Corporation Code was completely recodified by an Act (Ga. L. 1988, p. 1070) that was based on a draft proposed by the Georgia Business Corporation Code Revision Committee of the Section of Corporate and Banking Law of the State Bar of Georgia composed of the following:
 
                           George L. Cohen, Chairman                           
 
 
      William J. Carney, Reporter, Professor, Emory University Law School      
 
 
                     Elliott Goldstein, Special Consultant                     
 
 
                          Thomas C. Herman, Secretary                          
W. Hale Barrett